{"id":69031,"date":"2017-03-17T07:51:33","date_gmt":"2017-03-17T07:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uacrisis.org\/?p=53805"},"modified":"2017-03-18T20:28:21","modified_gmt":"2017-03-18T18:28:21","slug":"53805-judiciary-reform-5-things-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uacrisis.org\/en\/53805-judiciary-reform-5-things-know","title":{"rendered":"Ukraine’s judiciary reform: 5 things to know"},"content":{"rendered":"

UCMC publishes original text from The Reforms Guide<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

Prepared by Vitalii Rybak based upon interview with Roman Kuybida, expert of the\u00a0<\/span>Centre of Policy and Legal Reform,<\/span>\u00a0as well as materials by\u00a0<\/span>The Reforms Guide<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>The Reanimation Package of Reforms.<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Reform of judiciary has been one of the most demanded changes since the very independence in 1991. It has also potentially been among the hardest ones. Ukraine inherited soviet judicial system which could hardly be called transparent and effective.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, creators of the reform had to find an answer to the question: how to change the system which is corrupt to the very core? Moreover, how to make the courts independent from political influence and corruption-free at the same time? To achieve this goal, a fine line between independence of judiciary and its internal\/external checks and balances had to be found.<\/span><\/p>\n

We tried to summarize 5 key things about the state of play of Ukrainian judiciary reform.<\/span><\/p>\n

1.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Ukrainian society has had little trust in judiciary.<\/b><\/span>\u00a0A\u00a0<\/span>survey<\/span><\/a>\u00a0conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation (DIF) in March 2015 has shown an extremely high demand for the judiciary reform. 46% of respondents noted that this reform is one of the most urgent tasks. Meanwhile, only 8% thought there was nothing to change concerning Ukrainian courts. No wonder that 81% of respondents also expressed their distrust to courts.<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

This situation has not changed yet, according to overall\u00a0<\/span>research<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on pace of reforms conducted by DIF in Februar<\/span>y 2017. 46% of respondents claimed that situation in justice system did not change.\u00a0Roman Kuybida, an expert of the\u00a0<\/span>Centre of Policy and Legal Reform<\/i><\/span>, explained this by the fact that the reform is still on legislation stage, therefore, it is barely visible to the society. In his opinion, the only clear aspect of the reform is e-declaration system, but it is not fully effective yet.<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

It also a fact that the so-called \u201clustration\u201d of judges effectively failed in 2016. This process could not go forward until deeper legislative changes, including changes to the Constitution.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Ukraine had to change its Constitution to launch the reform.\u00a0<\/b><\/span>In the past,<\/span>\u00a0<\/b>lack of autonomy of the judiciary branch was secured on the highest legal level, in the Ukrainian Constitution. The Constitution made courts and judges dependent on the executive and legislative branches. Therefore, new constitutional changes had to respond to this challenge. According to the policy\u00a0<\/span>report<\/span><\/a>\u00a0by Mykhailo Zhernakov, the leading expert on judicial reform of the\u00a0<\/span>Reanimation Package of Reforms (RPR)<\/i><\/span>\u00a0civil coalition, these changes included such measures as \u201clifetime appointment of judges; limitation of the President\u2019s and the Parliament\u2019s authority to decide on judges\u2019 careers; introduction of the new High Council of Justice with judges elected by their peers constituting the majority.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The reform effectively started only on\u00a0<\/span>30 September 2016<\/b><\/span>\u00a0when these changes to the Constitution came into force.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Key outcomes of the reform to be seen in 2017.\u00a0<\/b><\/span>Roman Kuybida, expert of the\u00a0<\/span>Centre of Policy and Legal Reform<\/i><\/span>, explains the overall process of judiciary reform\u00a0<\/span>here<\/span><\/a>. He suggests that the most important outcomes can be seen in 2017. First, new composition of Supreme Court will be finalised. Second, qualification evaluation of judges will take place. Also, e-courts will become fully functional and reliable.<\/span><\/p>\n

One of the most important things to look to is Superior Council of Justice<\/span>. This institution will be able to appoint and dismiss judges with no need for approval from the parliament; it will also decide on judge\u2019s arrest and trial. These days the congress of judges appoints first members to the Council.<\/p>\n

The Council is an important body to ensure autonomy of the judiciary power. However, question remains if this autonomy will not lead to \u201cself-protection\u201d of corrupt practices.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhether the President-initiated judicial reform will turn out successful, and the justice fair and efficient, will become known later this year,\u201d Kuybida underlines. It is important to follow this process and see if 2017 bring<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0success in the\u00a0<\/span>lustration of judges,\u00a0and strengthen\u00a0<\/span>the most important institutions in the judicial system.<\/p>\n

4.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Anticorruption courts: the way to strengthen anticorruption institutions.\u00a0<\/b><\/span>In the past recent years Ukraine has built anticorruption institutions: National anti-corruption bureau, Specialized anti-corruption prosecution office, and National agency for preventing corruption. The widely debated case of Nasirov, former head of the fiscal service, accused of high-level corruption, can be a test case for these institutions. However, even when under current circumstances the Bureau and the Specialized Prosecutor can successfully prepare the anti-corruption case and bring the matter to the court, but they can fail to get the result if the courts are corrupted. Therefore, an idea was proposed to establish anti-corruption courts, a final element in the anticorruption institutions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Draft law \u21166011 on\u00a0<\/span>such courts was\u00a0registered<\/a>\u00a0in Verkhovna Rada on 1 February. Key provisions of this draft law, as\u00a0listed<\/a>\u00a0by the\u00a0RPR<\/i><\/span>, are: special commission for the preselection of judges; separation of first instance courts and autonomous appeal chambers; guarantees of institutional independence for such courts.<\/p>\n

5.<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>International community: important factor for reform\u2019s success<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

International community has been an important factor for reform\u2019s success. For instance, Venice Commission of the C<\/span>ouncil of Europe has been following all the changes closely and has been issuing its\u00a0opinions<\/a>\u00a0on the most important draft laws.\u00a0The most recent one<\/a>\u00a0concerns the draft law \u201cOn the Constitutional Court.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The EU has also high hopes for the judiciary reform. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement\u00a0<\/span>lists<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rule of law and fight against corruption among the \u201ckey elements of strengthening the cooperation between the parties.\u201d Moreover, the EU has supported numerous initiatives within the framework of judicial reform.\u00a0 For instance, the EU-funded\u00a0<\/span>project<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201cSupport to Justice Sector Reforms in Ukraine\u201d has been active till the end of 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

The US have also provided a major assistance in this regard.\u00a0<\/span>USAID FAIR Justice Project<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is active in its work to form an independent judiciary in Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

As for other sectors of reforms, the joint pressure from international community and Ukrainian civil society can be a factor able to push the reform forward.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

UCMC publishes original text from The Reforms Guide. Prepared by Vitalii Rybak based upon interview with Roman Kuybida, expert of the\u00a0Centre of Policy and Legal Reform,\u00a0as well as materials by\u00a0The Reforms Guide\u00a0and\u00a0The Reanimation Package of Reforms. Reform of judiciary has been one of the most demanded changes since the very independence in 1991. It has […] More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":69032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[705,748],"tags":[],"section":[743],"form":[],"yoast_head":"\nUkraine's judiciary reform: 5 things to know | UACRISIS.ORG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UCMC publishes original text from The Reforms Guide. 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